2001年4月28日 ,我国颁布了新的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》。该法第38条规定了离婚父母对子女有探望的权利,首次以立法的形式确立了探望权制度。这一规定强化了离婚后不直接抚养子女的一方探望权的保护力度,为人民法院处理探望权纠纷案件提供了法律 依据。对于探望权在 理论 上怎样理解,重点是在实践中如何应对探望权执行难的 问题 ,本文试图对此进行探讨。
一、 探望权的含义
探望权是指:“离婚后未直接抚养子女的父母亲一方依法享有的在一定时间,以一定方式探视、看望子女的权利。”我们可以从以下几个方面来理解探望权:
1、享有探望权的主体(即探望权人)
探望权人包括不直接抚养子女的生父母、养父母以及同意继续抚养且有抚养关系的继父母。
2、行使探望权的形式
行使探望权的形式包括见面(直接见面或短期的共同生活)、直接联系(电话、书信等)以及其他形式的交往。
3、设立探望权的目的
设立探望权是为了让离异家庭的未成年子女得到更多的关爱和亲情,不保护他们的身心健康。
4、探望权的性质
“从法理上看,探望权是基于父母子女关系而享有的一种身份权探望权是一种身份权,也是一种法定权利除法定理由不手干涉和限制。”
从我国目前的司法实践看,探望权纠纷最大的问题是执行。尽管新婚姻法第48条规定:对拒不执行有关探望子女等判决或裁定的,由人民法院依法强制执行,有关个人和单位应负协助执行的责任。法律通过这条规定,对探望权赋予了提起强制执行的效力。但是,由于探望权涉及人身,无法直接予以强制执行。而且,对子女探望权判决或裁定的强制执行不利于被探望子女的身心健康。依新婚姻法的立法精神,是否有利于子女身心健康是衡量父或母探望行为的根本标准。人们可以想象,享有探望权的一方在执行法官、法警的陪同下探望子女,或因违反判决或论文联盟www.lwlm.com整理裁定规定的方式、时间和地点探望子女而受到处罚,都会给子女的身心健康造成伤害。因而探望权案件的执行难的问题显得尤为突出,必须引起高度重视。
二、探望权执行难的原因
第一,执行标的模糊。其他民事案件的执行有明确的执行标的,要么是金钱、物,要么是具有某一物质性结果的一定的行为,如加工、修缮;而探望权纠纷案件的执行内容是探望权及其行使方式,具有抽象性,因而没有明确的执行标的。
第二,是缺乏法定的执行措施。既然是执行,就应有一定的执行措施。而现有的民诉法规定的各种措施如查封、冻结或替代履行等,对探望权的执行都不适用。因为孩子并非执行对象或标的,不能对孩子本身采取强制执行措施。
第三,视子女为私有财产。因探望权发生纠纷的夫妻,大多是在离婚时就已矛盾重重,离婚后更是视为“仇”人,离婚后,与子女共同生活的一方,将子女作为自己暂时的精神寄托,视为自己的私有财产,不想打乱自己平静的生活,自己不愿见到对方,也不愿子女见到对方,更害怕子女“见异思迁”离其而去,所以,就想方设法淡化对方与子女的亲情,千方百计地阻止对方探望子女,给执行工作带来难度。
四、被执行人的协助义务界定困难。被执行人自己阻挠另一方行使探望权的,认定被执行人拒不执行判决自无异议,但被执行人的父母即子女的祖父母或外祖父母要阻挠另一方行使探望,能否认定是被执行人不履行协助义务?有的孩子本身不愿到父或母处时,这些都是会对探望权的执行增加难度。
第五、执行结果的事后性。探望权纠纷案件执行发生的原因在于出现了与子女共同生活的一方阻碍未与子女共同生活的一方探望子女情形,执行的目的在于使与子女共同生活的一方今后不再阻碍未与子女共同生活的一方探望子女,这就决定了探望纠纷案件的执行结果具有事后的特点。
三、在探望权的执行难问题上应综合考虑的因素
1、父母的意愿;
2、子女的意愿;
3、子女的健康和教育需要;
4、子女的年龄、性别、健康状况、精神状态和理解能力等。
四、应对探望权执行难可采取的对策
1、在执行时,要把思想 教育 和法制宣传工作贯穿始终,切实做好疏导教育工作。法院在执行这类案件时,要始终贯彻疏导教育方针。民事执行的标的只能是物与行为,不能为人身。对未成年人的人身强制执行,既不合法,也不利于双方当事人矛盾的解决,更不利于子女身心健康。法院在执行这类案件时,要做好耐心细致的思想教育与法制宣传工作,使当事人认识到父母子女关系是自然 的血缘关系,不因父母离婚而解除,另一方有探望子女的权利,阻扰、拒绝对方探望既不合情,也不合法,同时也不利于子女的身心健康发展 ,争取直接与子女共同生活一方主动履行协助义务,使案件得以圆满解决。
2、对与子女共同生活的一方不允许有探望权的一方探望子女的,可视情况,分别作出不同处理:
(1)对阻挠刁难及拒绝对方正常行使探望权的,可以通过批评教育促其改正;
(2)对经常性无故妨碍对方正常行使探望权的,可以对其采取罚款、拘留等强制措施,情节严重的,在有利于子女成长和对方要求的情况下,可以变更子女抚养关系;
(3)对以藏匿子女为目的,以及拒不执行法院发生法律 效力的裁决或暴力妨害执行公务,情节严重的,坚决追究刑事责任。但应注意的是对直接抚养子女的一方采取强制措施时,应对未成年子女予以妥善安置。
3、有关单位与个人协助执行。如果当事人双方矛盾激烈,难以相互配合,可以考虑由有关单位与个人协助执行。根据司法实践,协助执行的单位与个人一般包括:(1)、照看子女的祖父母或外祖父母及其他相关人;(2)未成年子女就读的幼儿园、小学及中学;(3)、抚养子女一方所在单位;(4)、妇联、居委会及青少年权益保护部门。由这些部门或个人协助执行,让他们经常性地做好被探望子女的父或母的疏导教育工作,有利于案件的执行,也避免给未成年子女幼小的心灵带来更大的创伤。
4、审判与执行相互兼顾。探望权执行难有的直接来源于审判。有的法官在审理探望权纠纷时,方法 简单,思想工作不到位,对一方行使探望权的方式、时间没有让当事人充分协商,也没有提出适当的探望方案而是简单地下判,以致于其中的一方产生对抗情绪;有的判决则是含糊其词。如:只判决一方每月可以探望一次子女,而对探望的具体日期、地点和方式却没有写明,给拒不执行的一方提供了理论 依据,给执行工作带来了不必要的麻烦;有的判决不考虑孩子的意志,不顾孩子的身心健康而简单地下判,致使未成年子女拒绝配合探望。因此,法官在审理这类案件时,应先让当事人对探望问题 充分协商,力争达成协议,确需判决的,也要尽量明确、具体,要充分考虑到以后判决的执行,努力不使对探望权的判决成为“自判”。
[作者:黑龙江省北安市人民法院 冯忠泽]
5、如果是子女拒绝探望,应弄清子女拒绝探望的原因。司法实践中,不与子女共同生活一方探望子女时,子女不愿与对方接触,甚至明确拒绝父母一方看望的情形时有发生。有的甚至是法院强制执行探望时,孩子钻在父母一方怀中不露面,致使出现探望者近在咫尺却看不到孩子的尴尬。应该说,探望权不仅是父母的权利,也是子女的权利。法院应根据子女的年龄与鉴别能力,正确判断子女拒绝探望的原因,看子女能否独立作出拒绝父母一方探望的意思表示,究竟是子女不愿意接受探望,还是受另一方的错误教育乃至挑唆而不愿接受探望。如子女年龄较大,有判断能力,不愿接受探望,就不能强制执行;如果后者,可根据情节是否严重,对直接抚养子女一方采取批评教育甚至罚款、拘留等强制措施,责令其改正错误行为,说服子女同意接受探望。
五、应对探望权执行难的建议
1、参照美国、俄罗斯联邦等国法律,在直接抚养人故意不执行法院判决时,可根据不与子女生活的父母一方的请求,做出将孩子移送的判决。同时,对集中强制后仍不积极履行协助义务的,权利人可以提请人民法院变更监护人,探望权受阻可以成为变更抚养关系的法定诉讼理由。
2、精神损害赔偿制度。探望权是不直接抚养子女一方的人身权利,如果抚养人故意设置探视障碍,使得探望权人见不到子女,遭受精神痛苦,探望权人可以要求精神损害赔偿。判令精神损害赔偿既可以补偿探望权人不能行使探望权所受到的伤害,也可约束抚养人履行协助义务。但此赔偿必须符合最高人民法院关于民事侵权精神损害赔偿的司法解释规定的条件,实践中应严格掌握。
3、修改民事诉讼法,将探望权纠纷和亲子关系确认等案件列为非讼事件,适用特别程序,允许调解结案,法院一审裁决作出即发生法律效力,不允许提起上诉,这样可以及时解决纠纷,有利于保护非监护一方的探望权和子女的健康成长。
4、正确适用拒不执行法院生效判决文书罪。虽然刑法和民事诉讼法规定了被执行人拒不履行法院生效裁判应负刑事责任,但司法实践中极少适用这项规定,没有运用最具强制力的法律手段保证法院判决的执行,使一些“软对抗”的被执行人逍遥法外,使得这项法律规定形同虚设。对拒不执行生效裁判与阻碍执行者,要坚决制裁。立法上要尽快明确追究拒不履行法院裁判罪的程序。据报载,美国一妇女因不让其享有“探视权”的前夫探望女儿,被法官判处监禁数年。如果我们的法律能作出如此严肃的规定,如果我们的法院能如此认真地执行法律,探望权的执行也就不会再难了。
(作者单位:黑龙江省北安市人民法院)
国务院办公厅转发外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明的通知(附英文)
国务院
国务院办公厅转发外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明的通知(附英文)
1981年8月3日,国务院
通知
外国投资管理委员会关于执行《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》中若干问题的说明,已经国务院批准,现转发给你们,请参照执行。
说明
《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》(以下简称《暂行规定》)公布后,各审批单位依照《暂行规定》对申请设常驻代表机构的外商进行了审批工作,工商行政管理部门核准了登记,公安机关办理了居留手续,工作进展很快,对外国企业常驻代表机构的管理工作有所加强。但在执行中也遇到了一些问题,需要予以明确或说明。现对《暂行规定》中若干问题说明如下。
一、《暂行规定》第一条中的“其它经济组织”是指从事经济、贸易、技术、金融业务活动,但又不称为公司、企业的组织,还包括如日中经济协会、日本国际贸易促进协会、美中贸易全国委员会、加中贸易理事会等非营利性的经济团体。
二、《暂行规定》第二条;“未经批准、登记的,不得开展常驻业务活动。”是指未经批准、登记的,不得以常驻机构人员的身份从事业务活动;并不准在住处设置外国公司、企业等任何标志。
未经批准登记设立常驻代表机构,擅自以常驻机构人员的身份进行业务活动的,由工商行政管理部门通知其撤销机构并立即停止业务活动。
三、《暂行规定》第三条中外国企业申请设常驻代表机构时应当提交的证件和材料,其中的申请书和授权书必须提交原件;其它证件可提交副本或影印件。“金融机构出具的资本信用证明书”,如外商提交确有困难,可灵活掌握,改为近一年内外商与银行有业务往来的证明即可。
非营利性外国经济团体申请设常驻代表机构时,对《暂行规定》第三条所要求提交的资本信用证明书可以免交。
四、《暂行规定》第四条中的“其它行业”,是指外贸部、中国人民银行、交通部、民航总局批准范围以外的行业,如合作开发石油、煤炭等,按其业务性质,报国务院主管部门批准。
同中国国际贸易促进委员会对口的外国非营利性经济团体申请设常驻代表机构,暂报外贸部审批。外贸部在审批过程中要征求贸促会的意见。
信托投资行业外商申请设常驻代表机构,暂报中国人民银行审批。中国人民银行在审批过程中,要征求中国国际信托投资公司的意见。
五、几个不同行业的外国企业共同申请设一个综合性的常驻代表机构时,向中华人民共和国外国投资管理委员会提出申请,外国投资管理委员会商请有关单位审批。
六、由于当前用房十分紧张,外国企业常驻代表机构的人数、驻在期限,由审批机关根据具体情况,从严控制。住房尚未落实的,不予批准。
一次批准驻在期限最长不超过三年。期满后如需要延长,外国企业应在期满前三个月向审批机关提出申请,经批准后,向工商管理局申请登记。
根据政府间的协定,需要在我国设立的常驻代表(办事)机构,按《暂行规定》办理登记手续,其人数、驻在期限、登记费等,按对等原则处理。
七、批准机关在发给申请单位批准证书的同时,应书面通知工商行政管理总局。工商行政管理部门在登记注册后,应及时通知批准机关,国家外资管委、外交部、公安部、海关总署、财政部税务总局。
属于信托投资行业的外国企业申请设常驻代表机构,在获得批准和登记后,有关部门应同时通知中国国际信托投资公司。
与贸促会对口的非营利性外国经济团体申请设常驻代表机构,在获得批准和登记后,有关部门应同时通知贸促会。
八、《暂行规定》第五条:“逾期没有办理登记手续的,应当缴回原批准证件。”申请人收到批准证件之日起,超过三十天未到工商行政管理部门办理登记手续的,视为自动撤销原申请,已发给的批准证件自动失效,并应缴回原批准机关。
九、《暂行规定》第七条常驻代表机构“驻在地点”的变更,是指在同一城市内地址的变动。但在同一建筑物内房间号的变动,可不视为驻在地点的变更。常驻代表机构应及时将变动情况通知当地有关的主管单位和登记单位。
由于我有关主管部门的要求,需要外国企业常驻代表机构变更驻在地点的,只办理变更登记手续,不收登记费。
十、外国企业常驻代表机构聘请工作人员,应按一九八一年四月六日公安部、外交部、工商行政管理总局、进出口管理委员会、外贸部联合签发的〔81〕公发(政)48号文件规定办理,原则上不得雇用第三国人员和在华没有正式户口的中国人。但如遇特殊情况,经征得当地外事服务部门或劳动部门的同意,也可以聘用第三国公民或港澳地区人员。
十一、一九八○年十二月八日,中华人民共和国工商行政管理总局《关于外国企业常驻代表机构办理登记事项的通知》第四条规定“已经省、市、自治区人民政府或所属主管部门批准的外国企业常驻代表机构或常驻代表”是指国务院一九八○年十月三十日发布《暂行规定》以前批准的外国企业常驻代表机构。《暂行规定》公布以后外国企业申请在华设常驻代表机构,按《暂行规定》办理。
十二、外商申请在北京以外的城市设常驻代表机构,除银行业、航空运输业必须直接向《暂行规定》第四条所列有关主管部门提出申请外,其它行业,应根据其业务性质,分别向所在省、市、自治区的外贸局、交通局或国务院其它主管部、委、局对口的厅、局提出申请,然后由这些部门签署意见,转报《暂行规定》第四条所列有关主管部门审批。
十三、除银行业、航空运输业外,外商申请在广东、福建两省设常驻代表机构的,由省人民政府审批;在深圳、珠海、厦门等经济特区设常驻代表机构的,由省经济特区管理委员会审批。
十四、华侨、港澳同胞、台湾同胞在国外开设的企业要求在国内(包括广东、福建两省及经济特区)设立常驻代表机构,参照《暂行规定》及本说明办理。
十五、《暂行规定》及本说明执行中遇到需要加以解释和解决的问题,由国家外国投资管理委员会负责组织协调处理。
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THETRANSMISSION OF A CLARIFICATION SUBMITTED BY THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMI-NISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTA-TION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS
OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLICOF CHINA ON
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE
TRANSMISSION OF A CLARIFICATION SUBMITTED BY THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMI-
NISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTA-
TION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF
FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(August 3, 1981)
The clarification submitted by the Commission for the Administration of
Foreign Investments on several questions on the implementation of "Interim
Provisions of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
Governing Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises", has
been approved by the State Council and is hereby transmitted to you, and
you are requested to implement it accordingly.
A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERIM
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
Since the promulgation of the "Interim Provisions of the State Council of
the People's Republic of China Governing Resident Representative Offices
of Foreign Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Interim
Provisions"), the various examining and approving units have, in
accordance with the "Interim Provisions", examined and approved, the
applications filed by foreign businessmen for the establishment of
resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of
industry and commerce have approved their registration, and the organs of
public security have the performed residence procedures; work in this
respect has made very good progress, and the administrative work
concerning the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises has
been strengthened to some extent. However, in the course of implementing
the "Interim Provisions", there still exist some questions which need to
be defined more sharply or clarified. Now, several questions concerning
the implementation of the "Interim Provisions" are hereby clarified as
follows:
(1) "Other economic organizations", as mentioned in Article 1 of the
"Interim Provisions", refer to those organizations which are engaged in
economic, trade, technological or finance business activities but are not
called companies or enterprises as such, and which also include such
nonprofit economic organizations as the Japanese-Chinese Economic
Association, the Japanese Association for the Promotion of International
Trade, the National Council for American-Chinese Trade Relations, and
Council for Canadian-Chinese Trade Relations.
(2) Article 2 of the "Interim Provisions", which reads: "Those who have
not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures for
registration shall not be permitted to undertake business operations of
resident offices", means that those who have not obtained approval or have
not gone through the procedures for registration shall not be permitted to
undertake business operations in the capacity of the staff of resident
(representative) offices, and neither shall they be permitted to put up
any sign at their residences that represents foreign companies or
enterprises.
With respect to those who undertake unauthorized business operations in
the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices without
going through the proper approval registration procedures for setting up
resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of
industry and commerce shall notify the persons concerned to close down
their resident offices and to stop their business operations forthwith.
(3) With respect to the certifying documents and relevant materials to be
presented by foreign enterprises when applying for the permission to set
up resident representative offices as provided for in Article 3 of the
"Interim Provisions", the written application and the vesting instrument
must be presented in the original and the other certifying documents may
be presented in duplicate or photo copies. As regards "the certificates of
creditworthiness issued by a financial institution", if a foreign
businessman has difficulty providing one, flexibility may be exercised by
requiring the foreign businessman concerned to present certifying
documents indicating business transactions concluded between the foreign
businessman and a bank within the preceding year instead.
When a nonprofit foreign economic organization applies for the permission
to set up its resident representative office, it may be exempt from
presenting the certificate of creditworthiness required in Article 3 of
the "Interim Provisions".
(4) "The other trades", as mentioned in Article 4 of the "Interim
Provisions", refer to those trades such as cooperative exploitation of oil
and coal resources and etc. which are beyond the approving authority of
the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of
Communications, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the
parties concerned shall submit their applications to the competent
departments concerned under the State Council for approval in light of the
nature of their businesses.
With respect to those nonprofit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade, their applications for the permission to set up resident
representative offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the
Ministry of Foreign Trade for examination and approval. In the course of
examination and approval, the Ministry of Foreign Trade shall consult
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.
With respect to foreign businessmen in the trust and investment trade,
their applications for the permission to set up resident representative
offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the People's Bank of
China for examination and approval. In the course of examination and
approval, the People's Bank of China shall consult the China International
Trust and Investment Corporation.
(5) In the event that several foreign enterprises of different trades
jointly apply for the permission to set up a comprehensive resident
representative office, they shall submit their application to the
Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments of the People's
Republic of China, and the latter shall examine and approve the
application in consultation with the relevant units.
(6) Owing to the serious shortage of housing at present, a strict control
shall be exercised, by the examining and approving organ in accordance
with the specific conditions, over the number of staff of the proposed
resident representative offices of foreign enterprises and over the
duration of residence. An application for the setting up of a resident
representative office shall not be approved if the problem of housing has
not been solved. The maximum duration of residence, approved on each
occasion, shall not exceed 3 years. On the expiration of this prescribed
period, if it is necessary to have an extension, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall submit anew its application to the examining and approving
organ 3 months before the expiration of the original prescribed duration
of residence. And, after obtaining the approval, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall apply to the department for the administration of industry
and commerce for registration. If resident representative offices are to
be set up in China in accordance with agreement between the Chinese
government and foreign governments, the foreign enterprises concerned
shall go through the procedures for registration in accordance with the
"Interim Provisions", and the number of staff of the proposed resident
representative office, the duration of residence, the registration fees,
etc., shall be handled according to the principle of reciprocity.
(7) The approving organ, while issuing the certificate of approval to the
applying unit, shall notify in writing the case to the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce. The departments for the
administration of industry and Commerce shall, after the foreign
enterprise concerned has gone through the registration procedures, notify
without delay the case to the State Commission for the Administration of
Foreign Investments, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of
Public Security, the Customs General Administration, and the State Tax
Bureau under the Ministry of Finance. With respect to foreign enterprises
in the trust and investment trade which apply for the permission to set up
their resident representative offices, after they have obtained the
approval and have gone through the registration procedures, the department
concerned shall at the same time notify the case to the China
International Trust and Investment Corporation.
With respect to those nonprofit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade and apply for the permission to set up their resident representative
offices, after they have obtained approval and have gone through the
registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time
notify the case to the China Council for the Promotion of International
Trade.
(8) Article 5 of the "Interim Provisions" reads: "Those who have failed to
go through the procedures for registration within the prescribed time
limit, shall return the original certificate of approval". An applicant
shall go through the procedures for registration with the department for
the administration of industry and commerce within 30 days from the day
he/she has received the certificate; if he/she has failed to do so within
prescribed time limit, he/she shall be considered to have withdrawn
automatically the original application, and the certificate of approval
already issued to him/her shall become invalid automatically, and he/she
shall be required to return the certificate of approval to the original
approving organ.
(9) The change of "the location of resident office", as mentioned in
Article 7 of the "Interim Provisions", refers to the change effected
within the same city. However, the change of room number within the same
building shall not be considered as a change of the location of resident
office. The resident representative office concerned is required to
notify, without delay, the case of change of the location of resident
office to the local competent department concerned and also to the
department for registration. In case that the resident representative
office of a foreign enterprise has to change its location at the request
of the competent department concerned of China, the foreign enterprise
concerned shall be required to go through the procedures for the
registration of the change without paying any registration fees.
(10) If the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise wishes
to employ staff members, the case shall be handled in accordance with the
provisions in Document No. 48, signed and issued jointly, in 1981, by the
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Commission for the
Administration of Imports and Exports, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade;
and, in principle, no individual of a third country or Chinese without
regular registered residence in China shall be hired. However, in special
cases, citizens of a third country or individuals from the areas of Hong
Kong and Macao may be engaged with the approval of the local department of
service for foreign affairs and of the labour department.
(11) Article 4 of "Circular Concerning Registration of Resident
Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises" promulgated by the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China
on December 8, 1980, provides: "the resident representative offices, or
the resident representatives, of foreign enterprises approved by the
competent departments of the people's governments of the province,
municipality directly under the Central Government, and autonomous region"
refer to the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises
approved before the promulgation of the "Interim Provisions" by the State
Council on October 30, 1980. Applications for the setting up of resident
representative offices submitted by foreign enterprises after the
promulgation of the "Interim Provisions" shall be handled in accordance
with the "Interim Provisions".
(12) In the event that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set up
resident representative offices in cities other than Beijing, with the
exception of such trades as banking or air transportation - the
applications shall be submitted directly to the competent departments
listed in Article 4 of the "Interim Provisions", all other trades shall,
in light of the nature of their respective businesses, apply accordingly
to the local bureau of foreign trade or bureau of communications of the
province, municipality directly under the Central Government, or
autonomous region, or to the departments or bureaus in the localities,
which have a direct business relationship with the ministries, commissions
or bureaus under the State Council; and the aforesaid departments shall,
in turn, write their comments on the written applications and forward
same, for examination and approval, to the competent departments concerned
listed in Article 4 of the "Interim Provisions".
(13) With the exception of such trades as banking and air transportation,
in case that foreign businessmen apply for the permission to set up
resident representative offices in the two provinces of Guangdong and
Fujian, their applications shall be submitted to the provincial
governments for examination and approval. In case that resident
representative offices are to be set up in the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen
Special Economic Zones, the applications shall be submitted for
examination and approval to the provincial committee for the
administration of special economic zones.
(14) If enterprises established and run abroad by overseas Chinese, by
compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, wish to set up resident
representative offices in China
(including Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and the special economic zones),
their applications shall be dealt with reference to the "Interim
Provisions" and this Clarification.
(15) Should problems arise in the course of the execution of the "Interim
Provisions" and of this Clarification, and that explanation and solutions
are called for, they shall be handled through coordination and
consultation by the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign
Investments.